Kusan kowace motar DC (BLDC) mara gogewa da za ka iya saya janareta ce da ke ɓoye a fili. Juya sandar, kuma tana samar da wutar lantarki ta AC akan wayoyinta na matakai uku - babu gyara, babu kayan aiki na musamman. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa "zan iya amfani da injin mara gogewa a matsayin janareta?" ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da suka fi sauri a cikin al'ummomin RC, drone, da DIY, kuma me yasa yawancin shawarwarin da ke yawo a kusa suke daidai.
Wannan jagorar ta bayyana ainihin abin da ke faruwa idan ka kunna injin BLDC baya, abin da zai iya yi da abin da ba zai iya yi ba, yadda KV ke aiki a yanayin janareta, da kuma yadda ake haɗa saitin aiki don caji, gano saurin gudu, da dawo da makamashi - ba tare da tatsuniyoyi ba. Ko kuna gina caja mai amfani da hannu, anemometer, injin kekuna, ko kuma tattara makamashi daga injin juyawa, wannan ita ce amsar gaskiya da fasaha.
Me yasa Injin Brushless Ya riga Ya Zama Janareta
Back-EMF shine Duk Labarin
Kowace motar BLDC tana aiki akan ƙa'ida ɗaya mai juyewa: canjin filin maganadisu a kan na'ura yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki. A yanayin mota, kuna ciyar da wutar lantarki cikin na'urorin don tura rotor. A yanayin janareta, kuna juya rotor don tura maganadisu ta wuce na'urorin - kuma ainihin kimiyyar lissafi ɗaya tana samar da wutar lantarki akan wayoyi. Wannan ƙarfin lantarki da aka haifar ana kiransa back-EMF (ƙarfin lantarki), kuma shine abin da ESC ɗinku yawanci ke yaƙi da shi yayin juya motar.
Muhimmin abu: fitarwa ita ce wutar lantarki mai matakai uku (AC), ba DC ba. Motar da ba ta da gogewa ba ta da na'urar commutator don gyara fitowarta kamar yadda injin DC mai gogewa yake yi. Juya ta, kuma kowanne daga cikin jagorori uku yana samar da siginar AC (ko trapezoidal), digiri 120 daga matakin da sauran.
Abin da Ake Samu Daga Cikinsa
Saboda fitowar wutar lantarki mai matakai uku ce ta AC, ba za ka iya haɗa batir ko na'urar USB zuwa ga na'urorin lantarki ba kawai ka yi tsammanin cajin DC. Da farko kana buƙatar gyarawa - yawanci diodes shida a cikin gada mai matakai uku - don mayar da AC zuwa DC mai amfani da ƙarfi. Wannan mataki ɗaya shine inda yawancin rikicewar DIY ke farawa, kuma inda adadin koyaswar da aka bayar ba daidai ba ne.
| Property | A yanayin mota | A yanayin janareta |
|---|---|---|
| Input | DC (daga ESC, pulsed 3-phase) | Juyawa ta inji (karfin juyi) |
| Output | Juyawar injina | Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC mai matakai 3 |
| Yana buƙatar gyarawa | A'a (ESC yana yi) | A (don samun DC) |
| Tushen ƙarfin lantarki | Baturi | Baya-EMF (dogara da saurin gudu) |
Za Ka Iya Caji Batir Da Shi Da Gaske?
Eh — Amma Sai Da Kayan Da Suka Dace
Motar da ba ta da gogewa za ta iya samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani gaba ɗaya, amma tana buƙatar abubuwa uku don yin aikin DC mai amfani:
- Mai gyara matakai uku - diode shida a cikin gada (ko kuma wani tsari mai gyara matakai uku da aka riga aka yi) don juya AC zuwa DC.
- Hanya don riƙe saurin rotor - ƙarfin fitarwa yana ƙaruwa a layi tare da RPM, don haka ɗaukar kaya mai ɗorewa ko tushen juyawa mai saurin daidaitawa (iska, ruwa, ƙafafun tashi) yana da mahimmanci.
- Tsarin ƙarfin lantarki — don caji batir ko kunna na'urorin lantarki, kuna buƙatar na'urar daidaita buck/boost ko mai sarrafa caji bayan gyarawa, saboda fitowar janareta mai aiki da kanta tana canzawa da sauri.
Gine-ginen da aka fi amfani da su a zahiri na DIY ƙanana ne: fitilar hannu mai kama da crank, na'urar firikwensin saurin iska, babur ko injin ruwa, ko kuma nuna birki mai sake farfadowa. Ga waɗannan, ƙaramin injin BLDC, mai gyara gada mai matakai uku, da kuma mai canza buck don matse wutar lantarki su ne kawai abin da kuke buƙata.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kuke samu ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan RPM
Wannan ita ce lamba mafi mahimmanci da za a saka a ciki: ƙarfin wutar lantarki na janareta = KV × RPM (kusan, ban da asara) . Motar 1000KV da ke juyawa a RPM 1000 tana samar da kimanin volt 1. Juya wannan motar a RPM 6000 kuma za ku sami kimanin volt 6. Idan kuna buƙatar 12V, ko dai ku juya ta da sauri ko ku zaɓi motar KV mafi girma - amma bambance-bambancen da ke ƙasa sun sa wannan zaɓin ya fi sauƙi fiye da yadda yake gani.
KV a Yanayin Janareta: Mafi Girma Ba Ya Fi Kyau Ba
Ƙaramin KV = Ƙarin Volts a kowace RPM, Ƙarin Karfin Juyawa
Ga inda yanayin janareta ke juya fahimta ta yau da kullun a kansa. A cikin amfani da injin, mafi girman KV yana nufin juyawa cikin sauri don irin wannan ƙarfin lantarki. A cikin amfani da janareta, dangantakar iri ɗaya ce amma burin ya bambanta:
- Babban KV yana samar da ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki a kowace RPM, amma yana buƙatar ƙarin gudu don samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani kuma yana ba da ƙarancin ƙarfin juyi a kowace amp.
- Ƙananan KV yana samar da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki a kowace RPM, amma yana samar da ƙarin ƙarfin juyi a kowace amp - ma'ana yana da sauƙin juyawa, musamman ga injin hannu na ɗan adam ko kuma tushen iska/ruwa mai motsi a hankali.
Ga yawancin ayyukan samar da janareta na DIY inda tushen yake a hankali ko kuma a lokaci-lokaci (mai amfani da hannu, iska mai ƙarancin iska, da kuma ƙaramin tayoyin ruwa), injin ƙasa-KV mai sanduna da yawa da babban stator yana da sauƙin juyawa kuma yana samar da fitarwa mai ƙarfi. Motar tsere mai ƙarfin KV kusan ba za a iya juyawa da hannu ba kuma zai samar da ƙarfin lantarki mai ma'ana ne kawai a saurin da hannu ba zai iya kaiwa ba.
Zaɓar Injin Da Ya Dace Don Janareta
| Aikace-aikace | Nau'in mota mafi kyau | Matsakaicin KV | Me ya sa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caja mai amfani da hannu | Babban mai tsere, yawan sanduna masu tsayi | 50-300 | Mai sauƙin juyawa, ƙarfin juyi mai yawa a kowace amp |
| Injin iska / ruwa | Mai ƙarancin KV, salon pancake | 100-400 | Ƙaramin saurin yankewa, tsayayye a ƙarancin RPM |
| Injin kekuna | Mai tsere a tsakiyar KV | 300-800 | Daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki da ja |
| Na'urar firikwensin gudu / RPM | Duk wani ƙaramin BLDC | wani | Kawai ana buƙatar mita mai aunawa |
| Birki mai sake farfadowa (e-skate/UAV) | Motar ta riga ta kasance a cikin motar | data kasance | Sake amfani da injin turawa ta hanyar regen ESC |
Yadda ake haɗa injin janareta na BLDC na asali (mataki-mataki)
Sassan da zaku buƙata
- Motar da ba ta da gogewa (ana fifita masu fitar da kaya — suna da ƙarin sanduna da ƙarfin juyi mai girma)
- Gyaran gada mai matakai uku (diode 6 × da aka kimanta don wutar lantarki, ko kuma kayan da aka shirya kamar gadar matakai uku da aka saba)
- Mai santsi mai ƙarfi (zaɓi ne, don rage ripple)
- Mai canza DC-DC ko mai sarrafa caji (don saita ƙarfin fitarwa mai ƙarfi)
- Na'urar multimeter don tabbatar da fitarwa kafin haɗa duk wani abu mai mahimmanci
Jerin Wayoyi
- Gano hanyoyin mota guda uku. Motocin BLDC suna da wayoyi uku masu matakai (sau da yawa tare da kayan haɗin firikwensin daban da za ku iya watsi da su don janareta).
- Haɗa kowace jagora zuwa shigarwar AC na mai gyara matakai uku. Tsarin ba shi da mahimmanci ga samarwa - sauyawar matakai yana juya alkiblar juyawa kawai a yanayin injin.
- Ɗauki fitarwar DC daga tashoshin + da − na rectifier. Wannan DC ɗinka ne mai tsari, mara tsari.
- Ƙara capacitor a fadin fitarwar DC (hankali polarity) don sassauta ripple.
- Ciyar da DC mai santsi a cikin mai canza buck an saita shi zuwa ƙarfin lantarki da aka nufa (misali, USB 5V ko 12V).
- Aunawa da multimeter a RPM daban-daban kafin haɗa baturi ko kaya.
Bayanin Tsaro: Kada a taɓa haɗa baturi kai tsaye zuwa ga fitarwa na janareta da ba a sarrafa ba. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai yawa daga juyawa da sauri na iya caji ko lalata batirin, kuma yana iya juya wutar lantarki zuwa cikin injin idan ya tsaya zai iya rushe shi ko kuma ya yi zafi fiye da kima.
Tatsuniyoyi da Aka Yi Amfani da Su (da Gaskiya)
"Motar da ba ta da gogewa tana fitar da DC kamar injin da aka goge"
Karya ne. Injinan DC masu gogewa suna gyara kansu ta hanyar na'urar commutator da goga, suna samar da DC. Motar da ba ta da gogewa tana samar da AC mai matakai uku kuma tana buƙatar gyarawa ta waje. Wannan shine kuskuren farko a cikin koyaswar DIY.
"Mafi girman KV koyaushe ya fi kyau don samar da wutar lantarki"
Ƙarya. Babban KV yana ba da ƙarin volts a kowace RPM amma yana da wahalar juyawa kuma yana samar da ƙarancin ƙarfin juyi a kowace amp. Ga masu saurin gudu, ƙaramin KV kusan koyaushe shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.
"Za ka iya sake farfaɗowa ta hanyar juya abin da ke cikin iska kawai"
Gaskiya ne kaɗan. Injin niƙa iska a kan jirgin sama mara matuƙi yana samar da ƙaramin EMF na baya, amma ba a tsara ESC na yau da kullun don girbe shi ba - kuna buƙatar ESC mai iya sake farfadowa da dabarun sarrafa batir. Ƙarfin da aka dawo da shi yawanci ƙanƙanta ne idan aka kwatanta da ƙoƙarin, shi ya sa regen ya fi yawa akan e-skateboards da manyan UAVs fiye da akan ƙananan quads.
FAQ
Zan iya cajin waya da injin da ba shi da gogewa?
Haka ne, a ƙa'ida — amma za ku buƙaci gyara mai matakai uku tare da mai daidaita USB na 5V, kuma za ku buƙaci juya injin da sauri da kuma a hankali don ɗaukar 5V a ƙarƙashin kaya. Saitin hannu-crank ta amfani da ƙaramin KV, mai fitar da ƙarfin juyi mai yawa da kuma mai canza buck shine hanya mafi dacewa, kodayake fitowar wutar lantarki daga cranking na ɗan adam ba ta da yawa (watts kaɗan).
Wane irin ƙarfin lantarki ne injin da ba shi da gogewa ke samarwa?
Kusan KV × RPM. Motar 1000KV tana samar da kusan 1V a kowace RPM 1000. Ainihin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na da'ira yana bin diddigin gudu a layi, don haka motar 500KV a RPM 4000 tana samar da kusan 2V, yayin da motar iri ɗaya a RPM 8000 tana samar da kusan 4V - kafin a rasa mai gyara da jan ƙarfe.
Shin ina buƙatar ESC don amfani da injin a matsayin janareta?
A'a. Ana buƙatar ESC ne kawai don tuƙa motar. Don samar da ita, kuna ketare ESC gaba ɗaya kuma kuna haɗa jagororin motar guda uku kai tsaye zuwa rectifier. (Ana iya amfani da diode na jikin ESC wani lokacin don regen, amma rectifier na musamman ya fi tsabta kuma ya fi sauƙin sarrafawa.)
Shin birki mai sake farfadowa akan jirgin sama mara matuki yana da amfani?
Yawanci ba ga masu amfani da na'urorin quad masu sauƙi ba ne - makamashin da aka dawo da shi ƙarami ne kuma yana ƙara nauyi da sarkakiya. Yana zama mafi kyau a kan dandamali masu nauyi da motocin ƙasa (e-skate, e-scooter) inda akwai makamashin motsi mai ma'ana don murmurewa kuma inda ESC mai iya sake kunnawa ya riga ya dace don birki.
X-TEAM ta ƙera injinan DC marasa gogewa tun daga shekarar 2007, gami da ƙananan injinan da ke fitar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi waɗanda suka dace da amfani da janareta da dawo da makamashi a cikin iska, ruwa, UAV, da kuma amfani da masana'antu. Ko kuna tuƙa propeller ko kuna girbe makamashi daga ɗaya, wannan kimiyyar ta shafi - kuma injin da ya dace da aikin ba kasafai yake kasancewa wanda ke da mafi girman KV ba. Bincika cikakken kewayon a www.x-teamrc.com.