Menene Bambanci Tsakanin Mai Neman Kujera da Mai Neman Kujera?
Idan ka gina motocin RC, kwale-kwale, ko jiragen sama marasa matuƙa, ka ga siffofi biyu a kan shiryayye sau ɗari: injin mai siffar gwangwani da kuma siriri, mai tsayi. Waɗannan siffofi biyu ba na ado ba ne. Suna bayyana inda rotor ke zaune - kuma wannan bayanin guda ɗaya yana saita kusan duk abin da ke da mahimmanci a cikin ginin: ƙarfin juyi, ƙarfin juyi, sanyaya, da kuma yadda ake ɗora motar.
Mai fitar da kaya yana da maganadisu a waje da kuma lanƙwasa na jan ƙarfe a kan wani core mai tsayayye a tsakiya. Duk harsashin waje yana juyawa. Mai shiga shine baya - maganadisu suna kan rotor wanda ke juyawa a cikin zoben lanƙwasa mai tsayayye, kuma shaft ne kawai ke juyawa.
Ga sakamakon da za a samu a gaba, don haka za ku iya yanke shawara ko za ku ci gaba da karatu (ya kamata ku):
- Masu tsere daga gasar yana samar da ƙarin ƙarfin juyi a girman da aka ƙayyade kuma yana aiki da sanyaya, shi ya sa kusan kowace na'urar drone mai tuƙi kai tsaye ake juya ta da ɗaya.
- Masu shiga Juyawa da sauri kuma a saka shi cikin ƙaramin diamita, shi ya sa motocin RC masu sauri, jiragen ruwa, da kuma fanfunan bututu suka fi son su.
Duk abin da ke ƙasa yana bayyana dalilin , don haka zaka iya zaɓar daidai a karo na farko maimakon koyo daga injin da ke zafi fiye da kima ko ginin da ba shi da ƙarfi.
Tsarin a Kallo
| Feature | Mai ficewa | Mai shiga ciki |
|---|---|---|
| Wurin na'urar juyawa | A waje (ƙararrawa mai juyawa) | A ciki (tsakiyar shaft) |
| maganadiso | An haɗa shi da bangon ciki na kararrawa | A kan na'urar rotor ta tsakiya |
| Iska | A kan stator mai tsayayyen tsakiya | A kan zoben waje mai tsayayyen tsari |
| Bangaren juyawa | Gabaɗaya harsashin waje | Shafi kawai |
| Hannun lever na karfin juyi | Dogo (magnets a matsakaicin radius) | Gajere (magnets a radius mafi ƙaranci) |
| sanyaya kai | Eh (ƙararrawa tana aiki a matsayin fanka) | A'a (gudanarwa kawai) |
Yadda Kowace Mota Ke Aiki
Outrunner — na'urar juyawa tana juyawa a waje
A cikin wanda ya fita daga cikin motar, ana haɗa maganadisu na dindindin zuwa cikin ƙararrawa ta waje mai juyawa. Stator - na'urar murɗa ta tagulla - tana zaune a kan wani core mai tsayawa a tsakiya, yawanci a kusa da fuskar da ke hawa. Lokacin da ESC ta canza matakan, filin maganadisu yana turawa akan waɗannan maganadisu na waje, kuma dukkan kararrawa tana juyawa a kusa da stator ɗin da aka gyara.
Sakamako biyu suna biyo baya kai tsaye daga wannan tsari. Na farko, saboda maganadisu suna zaune a mafi girman radius na motar, suna samar da karfin juyi tare da dogon hannun lever - ƙarin ƙarfin juyawa don shigarwar wutar lantarki iri ɗaya. Na biyu, kararrawa mai juyawa tana aiki azaman fan da aka gina a ciki, tana jan iska a kan madaurin yayin da take juyawa, kuma maganadisu suna fallasa kai tsaye ga iskar iska. Masu wucewa suna da kyau a zahiri wajen zubar da zafi.
Inrunner - na'urar juyawa tana juyawa a ciki
Mai shigar da maganadisu yana sanya maganadisu a kan sandar rotor ta tsakiya kuma yana kewaye shi da zoben da aka gyara na lanƙwasa da aka sanya a cikin akwati mai siffar silinda. Shaft ne kawai ke fitowa ya juya; akwatin yana tsayawa cak.
Bambancin shine hoton madubi na mai fitar da na'urar. Magnetiyoyin suna zaune a ƙaramin radius, don haka mai shigar da na'urar yana samar da ƙarancin ƙarfin juyi a kowace amp fiye da mai fitar da na'urar - amma saboda na'urar juyawa tana da sauƙi kuma ta fi tauri a babban gudu, tana iya juyawa da sauri, sau da yawa daga 40,000 zuwa 100,000+ RPM a cikin aikace-aikacen fanka da gear. Kamawar tana sanyaya: ana binne na'urorin a kan akwati ba tare da fanka da aka gina a ciki ba, don haka masu shigar da na'urar suna dogara ne akan saman da aka ɗora ko heatsink na waje don cire zafi.
Torque vs. RPM: Cinikin da Yake Yanke Shawara Kan Yawancin Gine-gine
Hanya mafi amfani don tunani game da zaɓin ita ce ta hanyar musayar juyi-juyi-juyi-juyi-juyi:
- Motar da ke fita daga wuta = injin juyawa. Dogon hannu mai lanƙwasa, babban ƙara mai sauƙin amfani, matsakaicin RPM.
- Injin gudu = Injin gudu. Gajeren hannu na lever, rufin RPM mai tsayi, matsakaicin ƙarfin juyi a kowace amp.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa jirgin sama mara matuki mai inci 5 kusan koyaushe yana aiki da wanda ya wuce shi: kayan aikin yana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfin juyi don juya babban faifan iska, kuma mai fitar da direba kai tsaye yana ba shi ba tare da akwatin gear ba. A akasin haka, motar yawon buɗe ido mai sikelin 1/10 sau da yawa tana gudanar da ƙaramin injin inrunner wanda ke juya pinion ta hanyar rage gear - akwatin gear yana ninka babban RPM na inrunner zuwa ƙarfin juyi mai amfani yayin da yake kiyaye motar ƙanƙanta da haske.
Ka'idar babban yatsa: idan injin ya juya kayan kai tsaye, to a juya shi daga gefe; idan akwai akwatin gear a tsakaninsu, a juya shi daga gefe.
Inganci da Ƙarfin Ƙarfi
Inganci shine inda zane-zanen biyu ke musayar wuta dangane da aikace-aikacen. Masu fitar da wuta gabaɗaya sun fi inganci a RPM mai ƙarancin ƙarfi zuwa matsakaici wanda ke zaune a cikin propellers na kai tsaye, saboda suna samar da ƙarfin da ake buƙata ba tare da asarar gogayya ta akwatin gear ba. Akwatin gear zai iya cinye kashi 5-15% na ƙarfin injina azaman zafi da gogayya, don haka mai fitar da wuta kai tsaye wanda ya tsallake akwatin gear gaba ɗaya sau da yawa yana doke mai kunna wutar da aka yi amfani da shi a kan ingancin tsarin gabaɗaya.
Duk da haka, masu gudu a cikin inrunner suna cin nasara akan yawan wutar lantarki - adadin wutar da aka tara a cikin wani nauyi da diamita da aka ƙayyade. Saboda rotor na inrunner ƙarami ne, mai tauri, kuma mai daidaito, ana iya jujjuya shi zuwa matsanancin gudu ba tare da yage kansa ba. Shi ya sa ƙaramin inrunner mai girman babban yatsanka zai iya isar da dubban watts ta cikin akwatin gearbox, yayin da wanda ya fi ƙarfin yin irin wannan ƙarfin zai buƙaci ƙararrawa da stator mafi girma. Lokacin da kowace gram da milimita ke ƙidaya - motar tsere mai sikelin 1/10, jirgin sama mai fanka mai ducted, injin CNC - ƙaramin fitowar inrunner mai girman RPM shine babban fa'idar.
Abin da za a yi amfani da shi: mai gudu = ƙarfin juyi mai inganci; mai gudu = matsakaicin ƙarfi a kowace gram a babban RPM.
Misali Mai Aiki: Nauyi Iri ɗaya, Motoci Biyu
Don yin simintin da aka yi da siminti, yi la'akari da na'urar motsa jiki mai nauyin kilogiram 2 wanda ke buƙatar kimanin kilogiram 1 na ƙarfin motsa jiki don yin tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Zaɓi na 1 — mai gudu: mai gudu mai girman 2212, mai ƙarfin 980 KV yana juya propeller mai ƙarfin 10 × 4.5 akan 3S. Yana juya propeller kai tsaye a kusan RPM 10,000, yana samar da ƙarfin da ake buƙata a matsakaicin wutar lantarki, yana kasancewa cikin sanyi tare da kararrawa mai saurin iska, kuma yana da nauyin kimanin g 55. Babu akwatin gear, babu zafi, babu abin da zai gaza sai bearings. Wannan shine ma'auni, kuma saboda kyakkyawan dalili.
Zabi na 2 — mai shigar da na'urar: mai shigar da na'urar girma 2835, mai karfin KV 3,500 yana tuƙa injin iri ɗaya ta cikin akwatin gear mai girman 3.5:1. Mai shigar da na'urar yana juyawa a 35,000 RPM, kuma akwatin gear yana tafiya ƙasa zuwa RPM mai shigar da na'urar. Kuna samun irin wannan ƙarfin, amma kun ƙara akwatin gear wanda ke buƙatar shafawa, yana ƙara nauyi, kuma yana rage kashi 10% na wutar kamar zafi. Sai dai idan kuna buƙatar takamaiman tsarin inrunner ko babban ɗakin kai na RPM, mai shigar da na'urar shine mafi kyawun kayan aiki a nan.
Batun misalin ba shine cewa masu gudu ba su da kyau - amma shawarar gearing ce ke jagorantar zaɓin motar . Idan ana iya tuƙa nauyin kai tsaye, yanayin mai gudu yana yin aikin kyauta. Lokacin da nauyin ya buƙaci babban RPM ko ƙaramin fakiti, mai gudu zai sami matsayinsa.
Sanyaya da Zafi: Dalilin da Yasa Masu Fita Ke Aiki da Sanyaya
Zafi shine inda waɗannan ƙira biyu suka fi bambanta, kuma a nan ne mafi yawan kurakuran inrunner ke faruwa.
Hanyar zafi
Na'urorin juyawa na outrunner suna kan stator, amma kararrawa mai juyawa da maganadisu da aka fallasa suna ci gaba da motsa iska. Zafi yana fita ta hanyar convection kusan ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Na'urorin juyawa na inrunner suna makale a cikin gwangwani mai rufewa; zafi dole ne ya ratsa ta cikin na'urorin juyawa, zuwa cikin akwati, sannan zuwa duk abin da aka haɗa akwatin. Idan wannan na'urar ba ta da zafi sosai, inrunner zai dafa.
Hadarin demagnetization
Magnets na Neodymium suna rasa ƙarfi har abada lokacin da suka wuce matakin zafinsu - yawanci kusan 80°C don matsakaicin matakin N42/N45, mafi girma ga N52SH da makamantansu masu yawan zafin jiki. Mai inrunner mai yawan aiki wanda ba zai iya rage zafi ba zai hau zuwa wannan matakin da sauri fiye da wanda ya wuce shi yana yin aiki iri ɗaya. Da zarar magnet ya rushe, KV na motar yana tashi, yana jawo ƙarin wutar lantarki don samar da irin ƙarfin wutar, yana ƙara zafi, kuma yana shiga cikin karkacewar mutuwa. Idan motar ba zato ba tsammani ta yi zafi da rauni bayan tashi mai zafi, demagnetization shine babban dalilin.
KV, Prop, da Voltage: Daidaita da Nau'in Mota
KV — RPM a kowace volt — yana nufin abu ɗaya a cikin nau'ikan injin guda biyu, amma yana aiki daban saboda rabuwar karfin juyi/gudu.
| Factor | Mai ficewa | Mai shiga ciki |
|---|---|---|
| Matsakaicin kewayon KV | Ƙasa-zuwa-tsakiya (misali, 800–3000 KV) | Matsakaicin-zuwa-mafi-girma (misali, 3000–100,000+ KV) |
| Salon lodi | Tuƙi kai tsaye, babban abin hawa | An yi amfani da shi ko kuma an yi masa bututu, ƙaramin pinion/impeller |
| sanyaya | Sanyaya kai (ƙararrawa mai juyawa) | Juyawa zuwa hawa / dumama na waje |
| Mafi dacewa | Jiragen sama marasa matuki, jiragen sama, jiragen ruwa masu tuƙi kai tsaye | Motoci masu sauri, kwale-kwale, fanfunan ruwa, sandunan juyawa |
| Yanayin gazawa don kallo | Lalacewar ɗabi'a, lalacewar kararrawa | Zafi fiye da kima / rushewa daga rashin sanyaya mara kyau |
Lura cewa KV ba ma'aunin ƙarfi ba ne. Mai shigar da ƙara mai ƙarfin KV mai yawa da mai fitar da ƙara mai ƙarancin KV na iya samar da juyi iri ɗaya idan mai shigar da ƙara ya bi ta cikin akwatin gear wanda ke mayar da RPM ɗinsa zuwa juyi. Zaɓin yana game da inda za ku fi so ku sanya raguwar - a cikin yanayin motar (mai fita) ko a cikin akwatin gear daban (mai shiga).
Inda Kowane Nau'i Ya Yi Nasara
Lambobin amfani da Outrunner
- Jiragen sama marasa matuƙa da yawa da kuma jiragen FPV quads - kayan aikin tuƙi kai tsaye, karfin juyi da kuma nasarar sanyaya kai.
- Jiragen sama masu gyara da kuma masu horarwa - manyan kayan aiki a matsakaicin RPM.
- Jiragen ruwan RC masu tuƙi kai tsaye - manyan kayan tallafi suna buƙatar ƙarfin juyi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.
- Jiragen sama masu ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi da aikin gona na UAV - ɗorewa mai yawa yana amfana daga sanyaya daga waje.
Sharuɗɗan amfani da Inrunner
- Motocin RC masu sauri da ke yawo da babura - ƙarfin RPM mai ƙarfi, mai sauƙin amfani.
- Jiragen ruwa na RC tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa ko bututu - ƙananan fakitin RPM masu ƙarfi.
- Jirgin sama mai amfani da wutar lantarki (EDF) - impellers suna buƙatar RPM mai girma sosai.
- Maƙallan masana'antu da kayan aikin daidaici - sanyaya mai ƙarfi, mai sauri, kuma mai sarrafawa.
Kurakurai da Aka Fi Sani Lokacin Zaɓar Tsakaninsu
| kuskure | Me ZE faru | Gyara |
|---|---|---|
| Sanya inrunner a kan kayan aikin kai tsaye | Ƙananan ƙarfin juyi, zafi mai yawa, yiwuwar demagnetization | Yi amfani da na'urar fitar da kaya, ko ƙara akwatin gearbox |
| Sanya mai fita a cikin wani matse mai rufewa | Yana jin yunwar iska, yana yin zafi sosai | Bar kararrawa a fallasa ga iska mai motsi |
| Yin watsi da KV lokacin kwatantawa | Yana ɗaukar "KV ɗaya = injin ɗaya" | Kwatanta ƙarfin juyi, girma, da sanyaya suma |
| Rashin kimanta zafin wutar lantarki na inrunner | Zafi yana jike akwatin, maganadisu yana lalacewa | Bugawa zuwa wurin da aka ɗora ƙarfe ko ƙara heatsink |
| Ƙarfin da aka auna ta hanyar girman gwangwanin mota | Gilashi mai girma ≠ ƙarin ƙarfin juyi | Duba ƙimar wutar lantarki da kuma daidaiton wutar lantarki |
FAQ
Wanne ya fi ƙarfi, inrunner ko outrunner?
Babu ɗayansu da ya fi ƙarfi a zahiri. Mai fitar da kaya yana samar da ƙarin ƙarfin juyi a kowace amp a shaft, yayin da mai shigar da kaya ke samar da ƙarin RPM. "Power" shine saurin lokacin juyi, don haka tambayar ainihin ita ce wanne ya dace da nauyin ku da gear ɗinku.
Zan iya amfani da motar RC mai wucewa?
Eh — yawancin masu rarrafe da manyan motoci masu saurin gudu suna amfani da na'urori masu ƙarfi don rage ƙarfinsu da sanyaya su. Motocin yawon buɗe ido masu sauri da ke da manyan motoci galibi suna amfani da na'urori masu ƙarfi don rufin RPM ɗinsu mai girma.
Me yasa masu gudu a cikin inward suke yin gudu sosai?
An rufe na'urorin da ke lanƙwasa a cikin gwangwani mai tsayayye ba tare da fanka mai sanyaya kai ba, don haka zafi yana fita galibi ta hanyar tura shi zuwa wurin da aka ɗora shi. Ba tare da ingantaccen dumama ba, inrunner yana hawa yanayin zafi da sauri fiye da wanda ya fita daga wurin yana yin aiki iri ɗaya.
Me demagnetization ke yi wa injin?
Idan maganadisu suka wuce yanayin zafinsu, suna rasa ƙarfi har abada. KV na motar yana tashi, yana jawo ƙarin wutar lantarki don yin irin wannan ƙarfin, yana aiki da zafi sosai, kuma yana iya karkacewa zuwa ga lalacewa.
Shin KV ya fi muhimmanci ga masu gudu ko kuma waɗanda suka fi ƙarfinsu?
KV yana da mahimmanci ga duka biyun, amma yana da tasiri daban-daban: waɗanda suka fi ƙarfinsu suna amfani da ƙananan KV zuwa matsakaici don ƙarfin juyi kai tsaye, yayin da waɗanda ke gudu suna amfani da babban KV kuma suna dogara da gearing don mayar da RPM zuwa ƙarfin juyi.
Ta yaya zan iya gane nau'in da nake da shi?
Duba ɓangaren da ke juyawa. Idan harsashin waje yana juyawa kuma fuskar da aka gyara kawai ba ta tsaya cak ba, to abin da ya fi ƙarfinsa ne. Idan tsakiyar shaft kawai ke juyawa kuma akwatin ya tsaya cak, to abin da ke shiga ciki ne.
Zaɓar Motar Da Ta Dace Don Gina Ka
Shawarar yawanci ta ta'allaka ne akan tambaya ɗaya: akwai akwatin gearbox? Tuki kai tsaye yana nuna mai gudu; maki mai gear ko bututu zuwa mai gudu. Haɗa nau'in motar da kayanka, kula da sanyaya - musamman tare da masu gudu - kuma ƙayyade matakin maganadisu wanda zai jure wa mafi munin yanayin zafinka.
Idan har yanzu ba ka da tabbas game da wace mota ce ta dace da jirgin sama mara matuki, motarka, ko jirgin ruwa, injiniyoyin X-TEAM za su iya taimaka maka wajen auna injin da ya dace da injin, KV, da kuma sanyaya shi don takamaiman gininka. Duba kundin motocinmu marasa matuki ko kuma ka nemi mafita ta musamman ta KV ko OEM/ODM.